The ratio of 18O to 16O depends on the temperature at the time snow crystals formed, which were later transformed into glacial ice. Ocean volume may also play a role in δ18O values, but δ18O serves as a good proxy for temperature. The oxygen isotopic composition of a sample is expressed as a departure of the 18O/16O ratio from an arbitrary standard
δ18O =
(18O/16O)sample ‒ (18O/16O) x 103
____________________________________
(18O/16O)standard
where δ18O is the of ratio 18O/16O expressed in per mil (0/00) units.
The age of each sample is accurately known from annual dust layers in the ice core. The top of the core is 1987.
δ18O =
(18O/16O)sample ‒ (18O/16O) x 103
____________________________________
(18O/16O)standard
where δ18O is the of ratio 18O/16O expressed in per mil (0/00) units.
The age of each sample is accurately known from annual dust layers in the ice core. The top of the core is 1987.
Who do you believe a blogger or a professor of geolology who has specialised in glaciers.
Relying on programmers who blog about glaciology doesn't really help your credibility does it.
Perhaps you can cite someone other than a "nobody" or some paper that refutes Easterbrooks analysis.
Leave a comment: