
You are right in your assumptions. An umbrella company's margin in deducted from the income that they receive from the agency/client, as a result of billing for your hours/days worked, before your salary is calculated therefore it can have no bearing on your tax.
You can claim expenses provided that the costs that you've incurred are wholly and exclusively as a result of the contract. You can claim travel and subsistence provided that you intend to work on more than a single assignment whilst in the employment of the umbrella company and that travel to a single location does not exceed 24 months. The reason for this is that T&S expenses are only allowable when you are travelling to a temporary workplace (a single assignment with an umbrella company would automatically deem the workplace permanent). What can and can't be claimed is determined by HMRC and not umbrella companies - we are subject to the same rules as any other employer. This means that your take home pay should be the same whichever umbrella company you use - the only variation should be the margin and, as you say, the level of service that you'll receive.
You do have the option to open a Limited Company but you need to understand your responsibilities as a Company Director before you take this route and an umbrella can be a good option for the first few months whilst you find your feet in the contracting world.
Good luck

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