Doctors Opposing Circumcision
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Recurrent Infections
A few boys with intact foreskins get what are called “recurrent infections.” When this happens, many medical doctors recommend a circumcision.
Yet, humans have lived for millions of years, under all sorts of conditions, without getting recurrent infections on the penis. Men have lived in caves, tents, grass huts, mud houses, and igloos, frequently in filth and without running water, but infection of the penis has never been a problem. How can this be?
The foreskin actually is nature’s protection against infection, because it has numerous functions to protect the human body from infection through the penis.1 The prepuce of the infant and young boy is narrow.1 It is equipped with muscle fibers that act as a sphincter to close the tip to keep out infectious material and pathogens.1 The inside of the foreskin is moist with pathogen-fighting substances.1 There is a substantial blood supply to the foreskin to bring infection-fighting leukocytes.1 Urine, which departs the body as a sterile substance, frequently flushes out the foreskin of prepubescent boys and maintains cleanliness.
Why is it then, that boys in advanced civilized societies sometimes are afflicted with recurrent infections? Ever since Louis Pasteur proved that germs cause infectious disease in the late 19th century, we have been taught the importance of cleanliness in preventing infectious disease. It was said that, “Cleanliness is next to Godliness.” There is great confusion on the meaning of the word “hygiene”, which refers to health. Many think it means cleanliness but that is incorrect, although cleanliness usually contributes to hygiene or health.
As a result, some doctors and many parents believe that the foreskin must be retracted and cleaned at least daily. The general rule that cleanliness contributes to health, however, is not totally applicable to the penis of young boys because nature already has provided protection against infection. Washing defeats nature's protection. Retraction of the foreskin opens the preputial sphincter and allows pathogens to enter. Washing with soap removes the protective substances from beneath the foreskin, disturbs the natural bacterial balance, and drys out the protective mucosal tissue. Moreover, frequent washing with soap removes the natural oils from the foreskin and creates a condition of non-specific dermatosis,2 which may be mistaken for infection, and may result in yet more washing. This may improperly be diagnosed as recurrent infection, with a recommendation for circumcision.
The proper treatment, when faced with recurrent infection, according to Birley and colleagues, is to stop retracting, stop washing under the foreskin, and to apply emollients.2
Only the outside of the foreskin of pre-pubescent boys should be washed. The first person to retract the child’s foreskin should be the child himself, which usually will occur sometime after four years of age, but may be much later.3 Thorvaldsen & Meyhoff (2005) report the mean age of first foreskin retraction is 10.4 years.4
Information
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Recurrent Infections
A few boys with intact foreskins get what are called “recurrent infections.” When this happens, many medical doctors recommend a circumcision.
Yet, humans have lived for millions of years, under all sorts of conditions, without getting recurrent infections on the penis. Men have lived in caves, tents, grass huts, mud houses, and igloos, frequently in filth and without running water, but infection of the penis has never been a problem. How can this be?
The foreskin actually is nature’s protection against infection, because it has numerous functions to protect the human body from infection through the penis.1 The prepuce of the infant and young boy is narrow.1 It is equipped with muscle fibers that act as a sphincter to close the tip to keep out infectious material and pathogens.1 The inside of the foreskin is moist with pathogen-fighting substances.1 There is a substantial blood supply to the foreskin to bring infection-fighting leukocytes.1 Urine, which departs the body as a sterile substance, frequently flushes out the foreskin of prepubescent boys and maintains cleanliness.
Why is it then, that boys in advanced civilized societies sometimes are afflicted with recurrent infections? Ever since Louis Pasteur proved that germs cause infectious disease in the late 19th century, we have been taught the importance of cleanliness in preventing infectious disease. It was said that, “Cleanliness is next to Godliness.” There is great confusion on the meaning of the word “hygiene”, which refers to health. Many think it means cleanliness but that is incorrect, although cleanliness usually contributes to hygiene or health.
As a result, some doctors and many parents believe that the foreskin must be retracted and cleaned at least daily. The general rule that cleanliness contributes to health, however, is not totally applicable to the penis of young boys because nature already has provided protection against infection. Washing defeats nature's protection. Retraction of the foreskin opens the preputial sphincter and allows pathogens to enter. Washing with soap removes the protective substances from beneath the foreskin, disturbs the natural bacterial balance, and drys out the protective mucosal tissue. Moreover, frequent washing with soap removes the natural oils from the foreskin and creates a condition of non-specific dermatosis,2 which may be mistaken for infection, and may result in yet more washing. This may improperly be diagnosed as recurrent infection, with a recommendation for circumcision.
The proper treatment, when faced with recurrent infection, according to Birley and colleagues, is to stop retracting, stop washing under the foreskin, and to apply emollients.2
Only the outside of the foreskin of pre-pubescent boys should be washed. The first person to retract the child’s foreskin should be the child himself, which usually will occur sometime after four years of age, but may be much later.3 Thorvaldsen & Meyhoff (2005) report the mean age of first foreskin retraction is 10.4 years.4
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